The specific gravity lab was conducted on a soil sample collected at the southeastern portion of the fgcu food forest. If we consider a soil mix, different particle in that mix has different specific gravity value. Specific gravity test of soil by density bottle method 23 jan 2018 14 sep 2018 aim. Ce 344 geotechnical engineering sessionali lab manual. Organic matter and porous particles may have specific gravity. This comparison is in the form of ratio and is termed as the specific gravity of the soil. Determination of soil specific gravity by using partially vacuum and shaking methods.
The average value of specific gravity of the tested soil sample equals to 2. The experiment conducted was carried out to determine the specific gravity of soil samples using density bottle method. Objectives astm d85400 test method for specific gravity of soil solids by pycnometer test specification this test is performed to determine the specific gravity of soil by pycnometer method. Class 1 moisture content specific gravity geotechnical. When the soil contains particles larger than the 4. No title of the experiment page from to 1 determination of specific gravity of soil solids by pycnometer method 7 10 2 determination of specific gravity of soil solids by density bottle 11. Department of civil engineering geotechnical engineering lab. Unless or otherwise specified specific gravity values reported shall be based on water at 27 0 c. In this lab we first weighed an empty ml graduated cylinder. Cover with 125 ml of concentrated sodium hexametaphosphate.
When reporting results of specific gravity, it is specific gravity 60 60f. Mathematically, astm d 854 this method is applicable for soils composed of particles smaller than 4. After the soil has been dried and cooled, weigh next lab and record. To determine the specific gravity of solids, the sample may be at its natural water content or ovendried. Geotechnical engineering lab vi semester page 6 gcem list of experiments sl. The specific gravity of soil generally ranges from 2. Soils with organic content or porous particles may have lower specific gravities. The difference between this reading and unity is considered as a composite. There is some good discussion on this question, but all of the answers have lacked a fundamental physical precision.
For solids, specific gravity is an important parameter. In almost all soil tests natural moisture content of the soil is to be determined. In order to calculate the specific gravity of a soil the following relations should be known. If the material has a specific gravity greater than 1, then it sinks in water. For more accurate result it is recommended to conduct tests 3 times on the same soil sample. Specific gravity, ratio of the density of a substance to that of a standard substance. The specific gravity of sandy soil, which is mostly made of quartz, may be estimated to be about 2. Simpson, research forest products technologist forest products laboratory, madison, wisconsin introduction knowledge about the density of wood is useful for estimating shipping weights. I find that the key to understanding the importance is understanding the specific fundamentals of what we are discussing. Pdf determination of soil specific gravity by using partially.
The specific gravity of the soil particles lie with in the range of 2. Determine the specific gravity of soil civil engineering portal. The density of wood depends on specific gravity and moisture content. Most indiana soils have specific gravities ranging between 2. To determine the specific gravity of finegrained soil by density bottle method as per is. Specific gravity of cement or desnsity of cement le.
The specific gravity of soil is an important weightvolume property that is helpful in classifying soils and in finding other weightvolume properties like void ratio, porosity, and unit weight. Specific gravity is the ratio of mass of a volume of a liquid at 60f to the mass of an equal volume of pure water at the same temperature, i. The value of specific gravity helps us to some extent in identification and classification of soil. Experiment 3 abstract specific gravity is used to determine. Sand replacement method 28 6 grain size distribution of the soil by sieve analysis 35 7 determination of coefficient of permeability of the soil by a. Gs unit weight or density of soil solid unit weight or density of water. Laboratory experiments experiment no 2 density and.
Solids and liquids are often compared with water at 4 c, which has a density of 1. For most of the soils, specific gravity lies in the range of 2. Astm d 85400 standard test for specific gravity of soil. Pdf this research was carried out to develop a new testing method that capable to. It is clear from table 1 in the theory part that the test was done on a sand sample of soil due to the range of the values of specific gravity. Each property was determined using a different test, and each property has its own values. The specific gravity of soil is defined as the unit weight of the soil mass divided by the unit weight of distilled water at 4c. Abstract specific gravity is used to determine the voids ratio, porosity, and degree of saturation if density and water content are known these makes it a very important soil property density, as applied to any kind of homogeneous monophasic material of mass m and volume v, is expressed as the ratio of m to v. Gravimetric water content is mass of water per mass of ovendry soil, expressed as a percent. Specific gravity, moisture content, and density relationship for wood william t. In this method, a pycnometer of 900ml capacity is used for determination of specific gravity. A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity or relative density of liquids.
Data obtained from unloading increments are treated in the same manner as loading increments. M mass of ovendried soil, g a mass of airdried soil, g p percent of hygroscopic moisture. However, is 2720 part 3sec 2 1980 recommends the use of a gas jar of 1l capacity, in place of the pycnometer, for determination of specific. The sum of these retained masses should be approximately equals the initial mass of the soil sample. Specific gravity, moisture content, and density relationship.
It is utilized in calculating voids ratio, porosity, and degree of saturation if the density or unit weight and water content are known. If the soils consist of porous and organic materials, a specific gravity value of less than 2 will be obtained. Standard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by. The lab report assistant is simply a summary of the experiments questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in. Coal combustion residuals may have higher specific gravities. Lab 1 moisture content specific gravity objectives the. Jul 06, 2018 standard reference astm d85400 standard test for specific gravity of soil solid by water pycnometer. Specific gravity of solids by density bottle method. Specific gravity is a unitless value that relates the density of a substance soil and the density of water.
The result of the specific gravity test is reported to the nearest two digits after decimal. Use the ratio w l w water where w l is the weight of your liquid and w water is the weight of water. In which other type of experiment or what other method can be use to determine the specific gravity of. Specific gravity of cement detailed explanation civilology. Objective determine the specific gravity of soil fraction passing 4. Lab manual mainly deals with the common and standard laboratory tests on different types of soil. G 1 is the specific gravity of soil and has to be measured separately. Gases are often compared with dry air, having a density of 1. Civ e 353 geotechnical engineering i consolidation 2006 page 3 of 10 department of civil engineering unloading the sample can cause the soil to rebound elastically and to swell. Every material has its own specific gravity, and it usually ranges between 0.
To calculate specific gravity for any material, we have to use water. The soil sample taken for testing have to be completely oven dried. This makes specific gravity a unitless measurement. According to this law, the velocity at which grains settles out of suspension, all other factors being equal, is dependent upon the shape, weight and size of the grain. Calculate the ratio of the liquids weight to the weight of water. Ceen 3160 laboratory 1 mechanical sieve analysis specific. Specific gravity of soil by pycnometer methodprocedure. It gives the idea about the suitability of a given soil as a construction material. In any list of the physical properties of a sub if determined at 25 c, the specific gravity is stance, its density or specific gravity is usually expressed as 250200 c, 250150 c, or 2504 c. Version 4201650001 lab report assistant this document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report.
The flask is in scribed with a fill line to allow for consistent measures. But water reacts with cement and forms calcium oxide. It is some times required to compare the density of the soil solids to the density of water. What is the importance of specific gravity of soil. Specific gravity of soil test by pycnometer method. Specific gravity is a unitless value that relates the density of a substancesoil and the density of water. Objectives the objectives of laboratory 1 were to determine the water content, unit weight, and specific gravity of different types of soil provided in the lab.
This lab is performed to determine the specific gravity of soil by using a pycnometer. Procedure 1 determine the size and mass of the oedometer ring. Arvind kumar jha 2 lab report on determination of specific gravity of fine grained soil the specific gravity is calculated at temperature 27oc. In case of soil, it is assumed that the soil particles are spherical and have the same specific gravity. To determine the specific gravity of soil civil engineering. Determination of specific gravity by pcynometer test. Specific gravity is commonly used in industry as a simple means of obtaining information about the concentration of solutions of various materials, or of quality control for polymer materials. Some deleterious particles are lighter than the good aggregates. Specific gravity of soil by pycnometer methodprocedure and. The power of mathematical thinking with jordan ellenberg duration. Specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of aggregate to the weight of an equal volume of water.
The specific gravity of soil particles will come within the range of 2. Laboratory 2 soil density i objectives ii introduction. If the specific gravity of the material is less than 1, then that material floats in water. Specific gravity of soil test civil engineering community. In soil we need to know various soil parameters like void ratio, water content, unit weight and specific gravity. This method of determining the specific gravity of soil is given here is applicable for soils composed of particles smaller than 4. It is clear from table 1 in the theory part that the test was done on a sand sample of soil due to. For example, if a fieldmoist soil sample weighs 120 g but its ovendry mass is 100g, the loss in mass. Soil grains whose specific gravity is to be determined should be completely dry. Weightvolume relationships the specific gravity of most common minerals found in soils fall within a range of 2. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of unit volume of soil at a. Pdf laboratory soil testing report by arvind kumar jha. Basically, specific gravity defines that the substance is how much heavier than water or reference substance of the same volume. Road research laboratory ministry of transport rrl.
Take an average of 3 values these values should not vary by more than 2 to 3% a sample calculation for specific gravity of soil is shown in the table given below detail of soil. The knowledge of specific gravity is needed in calculation of soil properties like void ratio, degree of saturation etc. This test is done to determine the specific gravity of finegrained soil by density. We know that specific gravity of cement or density of cement is ranging between 3. Laboratory experiments experiment no 2 density and specific.
One method for determining the specific gravity of soil solids utilizes a volumetric flask with a known volume e. According to the stokes equation, all particles larger than d 1 have settled below the hydrometer level. Standard reference astm d85400 standard test for specific gravity of soil solid by water pycnometer. Record your values in table 2 of this lab to the nearest tenth. Obtain the hydrometer reading grams of soil in suspension.
These values are then used to compute the percent of soil by weight finer than a given diameter. Field identification tests of soil and laboratory tests like grain size analysis by sieve and hydrometer tests, specific gravity test, moisture content determination test, organic content. The knowledge of the natural moisture content is essential in all studies of soil mechanics. Pycnometer method is used to determine the specific gravity of coarsegrained soils. A specific gravity value greater than 3 will be shown. Determine the mass of the dry soil in the evaporating dish ws. Apparatus pycnometer balance spoon funnel test procedure 1. A soil s specific gravity largely depends on the density of the minerals making up the individual soil particles. Specific gravity determination analytical testing lab.
The specific gravity of whole mix is the average specific gravity of all solid particles present in that mix. Unless specified, the specific gravity values of the soil will be reported at 27degree celsius. Aim to determine the specific gravity of soil solids using pycnometer. Apr 14, 2015 civil engineering texas tech university 3 specific gravity, gs definition. Significance specific gravity of the soil is used in the phase relationship of air, water and soil solid in a given volumes of a soil. Pdf laboratory soil testing report by arvind kumar jha arvind. The d value computed from the stokes equation gives the largest particles that possibly could. Water content of a soil, from an engineering perspective is used to deter how much water is present in a specific soil. Since you are dividing one weight by another, the units will cancel out. Then we filled it to 500 ml with distilled water and weighed it again. Soils containing organic matter and porous particles may have specific gravity values below 2. The following data was collected at laboratory conditions for the completion of the specific gravity lab. This test is done to determine the specific gravity of finegrained soil by density bottle method as per is.
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